21 articles for "Mean"
Mean Anomaly [Astro*Index]The true anomaly is a body's angular distance from its perihelion to a point in its orbit. For computational convenience, astronomers use a mean planet, which coincides with the body at perihelion and aphelion, but moves with a uniform angular velocity equal to the mean angular velocity of the true planet. The mean anomaly is the anomaly of this ficticious body.
See also:Mean Anomaly [Munkasey M.]
♦ Kepler Laws ♦ True Anomaly ♦ Perihelion ♦ Aphelion ♦ Angular Velocity
The Anomaly determined from using the Mean Sun.
See also:Mean Daily Motion [Astro*Index]
♦ Kepler Laws ♦ True Anomaly ♦ Perihelion ♦ Aphelion ♦ Angular Velocity
The mean angular motion of a body in one ephemeris day.
| G e o c e n t r i c a l l y : | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Moon | 13° | 11' | |
| Mercury | 1° | 23' | |
| Venus | 1° | 12' | |
| sun | 59' | ||
| Mars | 31' | ||
| Jupiter | 5' | ||
| Saturn | 2' | ||
| Uranus | 42" | ||
| Neptune | 24" | ||
| Pluto | 15" | ||
H e l i o c e n t r i c a l l y: |
|||
| Mercury | 4° | 6' | |
| Venus | 1° | 36' | |
| Earth | 59' | ||
| Mars | the same as | ||
| through | geocentric | ||
| Pluto | rates | ||
See also:Mean Daily Motion [Munkasey M.]
♦ Orbital Elements of the Planets ♦ Ephemeris
The average speed of a Body's daily Sidereal motion.
See also:Mean Equinox [Astro*Index]
♦ Orbital Elements of the Planets ♦ Ephemeris
The true equinox (or point of Aries) adjusted for the inconsistencies of nutation.
See also:Mean Equinox [Munkasey M.]
♦ True Equinox ♦ Aries ♦ Nutation
The True Equinox (or point of Aries) adjusted forthe inconsistencies of nutation.
See also:Mean Lunar Node [Astro*Index]
♦ True Equinox ♦ Aries ♦ Nutation
The point of intersection between the Moon's orbit and the Ecliptic, adjusted for inconsistencies in the Moon's orbit. The mean lunar node is always retrograde. It moves westward along the Ecliptic at a constant rate, making a complete circuit in 18.61 years.
See also:Mean Motion [DeVore]
♦ Retrograde Motion ♦ True Lunar Node ♦ Ecliptic
The average motion of any body within a given period. The mean motion of a planet is based on the presumption that it moves in a circle at a uniform rate about the Sun. Actually the planets move in elliptical orbits, in portions of which this motion is accelerated and retarded in ratio to their distance from the gravi- tational center. The mean daily motions of the plants are:
| Pluto | 0° | 0' | 14" | Jupiter | 0° | 4' | 59" |
| Neptune | 0° | 0' | 24" | Mars | 0° | 31' | 0" |
| Uranus | 0° | 0' | 42" | Venus | 1° | 36' | 0" |
| Saturn | 0° | 2' | 1" | Mercury | 4° | 6' | 0" |
| The Moon (around the Earth) | 13° | 10' | 35" | ||||
| The Earth (around the Sun) | 0° | 59' | 8" | ||||
The Heliocentric mean motions of the planets differ from their geocentric motions.
See also:Mean Node [Astro*Index]
♦ Motion ♦ Average Daily Motion ♦ Mean Orbital Speed
The mean (average) position of a body's True Node.
See also:Mean Orbital Speed [Astro*Index]
♦ True Node
The mean (average) speed of a planet within its orbit.
See also:Mean Sidereal Day [Astro*Index]
♦ Motion ♦ Mean Motion
The length of the average sidereal day, measured by two successive transits of the mean equinox over the observer's Upper Meridian. The length of the mean sidereal day is 23h56m04.09054s of mean solar time.
See also:Mean Sidereal Time [Astro*Index]
♦ Apparent Sidereal Day ♦ Apparent Sidereal Time ♦ Mean Sidereal Time ♦ Sidereal Day ♦ Transit ♦ Equinox ♦ Meridian ♦ Mean Solar Time
Sidereal Time as determined from measurements taken in relation to the mean equinox in its successive meridian passages.
See also:Mean Sidereal Time [Munkasey M.]
♦ Sidereal Time ♦ Equinox ♦ Meridian
The time determined from measurements taken withthe mean equinox in its successive meridian passages.
See also:Mean Solar Day [Astro*Index]
♦ Sidereal Time ♦ Equinox ♦ Meridian
The length of the average solar day, measured by two successive transits of the mean sun over the observer's Upper Meridian. The length of the mean solar day is 24h03m56.55536 of sidereal time.
See also:Mean Solar Day [Munkasey M.]
♦ Mean Solar Time ♦ Solar Day ♦ Transit ♦ Mean Sun ♦ Meridian ♦ Sidereal Time
The length of the average day as measured by theSun's passage. The length of the average Solar day is: 24 H 3 M 56.555 S.
See also:Mean Solar Time [Astro*Index]
♦ Mean Solar Time ♦ Solar Day ♦ Transit ♦ Mean Sun ♦ Meridian ♦ Sidereal Time
Time measured by the motion of the Mean Sun over the observer's Upper Meridian.
See also:Mean Solar Time [Munkasey M.]
♦ Mean Sun ♦ Meridian
The time measured from the passage of the meanequinox some fiducial or marking point or body. The apparent diurnal motion of this fiducial body relative to the mean equinox. This time is based upon the constant motion of an imaginary Sun.
See also:Mean Sun [Astro*Index]
♦ Mean Sun ♦ Meridian
A fictitious Sun which travels once around the Earth in 24 hours. It is used to determine mean time. The mean Sun has an assigned constant angular velocity, and along the Celestial Equator, not the Ecliptic.
See also:Mean Sun [Munkasey M.]
♦ Mean Time ♦ Angular Velocity ♦ Celestial Equator ♦ Ecliptic
A fictitous Sun which travels once around the Earth in24 hours. It is used to determine Mean Time. The Mean Sun has a fictitiously assigned constant angular velocity.
See also:Mean Time [Munkasey M.]
♦ Mean Time ♦ Angular Velocity ♦ Celestial Equator ♦ Ecliptic
Another term for "Mean Solar Time".
See also:Mean Time [DeVore]
♦ Mean Solar Time
A consequence of the ellipticity of the Earth's track is that its orbital motion is faster near perihelion than near aphelion. This has the effect of making the day longer in Winter than in Summer: not the day from sunrise to sunset, but from one noon to the next. We keep our clocks from going haywire by the employment of the device known as mean time, thereby measuring time not by the true Sun, as does the sundial, but by a fictitious mean Sun which moves uniformly along the celestial equator, not along the ecliptic.
See also:
♦ Mean Solar Time
Astro*Index Copyright © 1997 Michael Erlewine
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